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2012年9月22日 星期六

Imperative Facts About Leukemia


Acute leukemia occurs when immature blood cells begin to rapidly increase and begins to crowd the bone marrow, preventing it from making more healthy blood cells. Thus, problems occur in the body as it is unable to fight off diseases and harmful attacks and immediate treatment is needed to combat this disease. Usually this occurs most often and frequently in children over adults and can be caught and treated.

Chronic leukemia occurs when mature and abnormal white blood cells are produced very fast and at alarming rates causing really abnormal white blood cells to be present in the body's blood stream. This is usually found in older people as the cells are usually mature already and sometimes immediate treatment is postponed as the entire chronic condition is monitored and the best case treatment is considered before any action is taken on the matter.

There are many signs of this disease, particular damage to the bone marrow causing a lack of blood platelets which are extremely important for the blood clotting process. So, people with this disease are often ones who get hurt easily and bruise for little things and bleed at alarming excesses. That is one way to know that one might have leukemia, to be aware of whether or not they bleed a lot for little injuries that should not have caused so much bleeding. Also, because the white blood cells are otherwise occupied, the patient's immune system is always shot and unable to fight off sicknesses. They will even start attacking other body cells and people might get infections frequently or have infected sores in the mouth, tonsils, or even diarrhea or bouts of pneumonia that can be almost fatal in the extent of it.

Patients are often pale and weak as they might suffer from anemia, or low blood counts, and that might cause them to lack energy and strength. Sometimes patients feel sick, have night chills and sweats and fevers and many symptoms that could be mistaken for ones related to the flu. If you feel nausea or always feel very bloated or full, that might all be due to swollen organs like the liver or spleen that will cause weight loss and fatigue. Finally, it is possible to experience headaches, as well, as the disease can interfere with the nervous system.

To diagnose this disease, you will have to undergo medical tests that usually examine the bone marrow and do blood counts to see what the situation is. Also a lymph node biopsy is performed, as well, to see whether you have it in certain situations. The damage to the organs is also determined from the blood tests and sometimes doctors will perform X-Rays and MRIS or other kinds of screening tests. Usually this is treated with medications that are combined with chemotherapy radiation and sometimes radiation therapy.

Also, some patients benefit immensely from a bone marrow transplant, as well. It is important to get the proper tests because left untreated, leukemia can be a deadly and fatal disease. But, there are treatment options and ways to beat it.




Roberto Sedycias works as an IT consultant for PoloMercantil





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Information About Cancer


Though we have all heard the term "Cancer" through many sources, the exact facts and details of the disease is not very widely known. Cancer is one of the world's deadliest diseases and is a completely curable if detected at an early age. It is therefore a must to possess awareness about it and this article is a consolidation of the facts and details related to this disease.

What is Cancer?

Cancer is not a single disease but a class of diseases which are typically characterized by random and out-of-control growth in the human body cells. These random cell growth leads to invasion of other normal cells around them leading to their destruction. The cancerous cells divide in an uncontrollable fashion and form lumps or tissue masses known as tumors. These tumors affect the body part where they grow and disrupt their normal functioning. The cancerous cells also spread to other parts of the body through blood or lymph and cause further cell destruction.

Oncologists are physicians or researchers who study about the diagnosis, treatment and sure of cancer. The study of cancer is by itself known as oncology.

Types of Cancer

Cancer can typically affect every organ of the body and spread the disease by destroying the neighbouring cells. The various cancers are named typically after the place where they originate in the body. For example, Breast cancer is cancer that originates in the cells of the breast. With about more than 100 types of cancer, this class of diseases is divided into five broad categories.

* Cancer that originates in the skin or in the tissues that cover the internal organs is known as Carcinoma.

* Cancer that starts in the bone, fat muscle, cartilage or blood vessels are known as Sarcoma.

* Cancer in the blood forming tissues like the bone marrow is known as Leukaemia. This type of cancer enters the blood stream and spreads to all the parts of the body.

* Cancer that begins in the immune system of the body is known as Lymphoma and Myeloma.

* Cancer in the cells of the brain and spinal cord are known as Central nervous system cancer.

Symptoms of Cancer

The symptoms of cancer are an important factor in the early detection, though some types of cancer do not exhibit any symptoms at all unless they are in the advanced state. Though each type of cancer exhibits different types of symptoms there are few symptoms that are common to most of the cancers. The patient can exhibit a broad spectrum of symptoms which might not be very specific to the type of cancer like fatigue, unintentional weight loss, fever, bowel changes and chronic cough. Pain is most of the times a symptom of cancer in the advanced form. Pain in the lower back can be symptoms of colon or ovarian cancer while shoulder pain can be a symptom of lung cancer. Though stomach pain can be normally caused by many reasons, stomach cancer is also associated with acute stomach pain.

How harmful is the cancer?

The disease cancer claims the lives of millions of people around the world every year. It is dangerous and life-threatening when it develops as tumors and starts spreading around. The cells may move through the body through lymph systems or the blood and can destroy the other healthy cells in the body. Such a process is known invasion and affects other internal organs other than its place of cancerous origin. Such a tumor that grows, invades and spreads destroying other tissues is known as a metastasized tumor and is a very serious condition which is at times beyond treatment levels.

How is Cancer caused?

The disease cancer is majorly an environmental disease where about 90-95% of the scenarios are caused due to factors like lifestyle and environmental conditions. Only about 5-10% of the cases are caused by genetic disorders. The common factors that lead to environmental causes of cancer are tobacco, obesity, infections, radiation and environmental pollutants. These factors affect the basic underlying genetic cell material leading to the disease.

Treatment course of Cancer

The definitive diagnosis of cancer requires clinical examination of the biopsy specimen. Sometimes initial indication of the malignancy can be through symptomatic or by radiographic imaging abnormalities. Once diagnosed, cancer is normally treated by chemotherapy, surgery or radiation or a mixture of two or more methods. Treatment also depends on the types of cancer and the stage in which the disease has progressed. There are many specific treatment methods that are followed based on the type of cancer and medical advancement has bought in many new types of targeted therapies for the specific kind of cancer. The targeted therapy also works on cancerous cells showcasing abnormal behaviour and reduces the damage caused to normal cells.

How can your effectively prevent cancer?

Cancer prevention is easier than cancer treatment. Though there are many factors that can cause cancer, a few simple changes to your lifestyle can help you prevent them. The below are few methods that you can accommodate or follow to ensure prevention or early detection of cancer.

* Avoid direct or indirect form of smoking

* Look out for skin changes and take care to avoid harmful exposure to the sun

* Maintain a healthy diet of natural fruits and vegetables and limit fat contents

* Keep your alcohol intake within limits

* Remember a healthy exercised body keeps out cancer better

* Learn about any genetic disorders in the family and take necessary screenings

* Beware of harmful substances in your work environment

* Follow safe sexual methods

* Obtain regular cancer screening to detect at early stage

Cancer Research is one of the major scientific efforts that is being undertaken to understand the disease better and find possible therapies. There are many national and international cancer institutes that have been established for this purpose. Since 1971, major advancements have been made in the field of molecular biology and cellular biology leading to many new and advanced treatment modes for cancer.




For more information about Cancer please visit our site http://www.howcurecancer.com.





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2012年9月20日 星期四

Stem Cell Treatment For Osteoarthritis - What is it All About?


While many new and amazing therapies for rheumatoid arthritis have been developed in recent years, very little progress has been made in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and affects approximately 30 million Americans. OA is a disease of articular cartilage, the gristle that caps the ends of long bones. Cartilage has both gliding as well as shock absorbing properties.

It is this flexibility of function that enables a joint to work properly.

Normal cartilage is composed of cells called chondrocytes that sit inside a matrix consisting of collagen and glycosaminoglycans... much like grapes inside Jello.

Osteoarthritis develops when the chondrocyte begins to malfunction and starts to produce destructive enzymes. At the same time water content inside the matrix changes making it more susceptible to stress. Small cracks, called "fissures" develop. Also, local inflammation involving the lining of the joint- called the synovium- begins. The end result is a gradual and premature wearing away of cartilage.

This process is most apparent in weight-bearing areas such as the neck, low back, hips, and knees.

Current approaches to the treatment of OA involve the use of analgesics (pain-relieving medicines), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), physical therapy, proper weight management, exercises, injections of steroids, injections of viscosupplements (lubricants), and surgery.

While many of the above treatments help relieve pain, they do nothing to prevent cartilage loss... and more importantly, they do nothing to restore cartilage.

Orthopedic techniques such as chondrocyte transplantation and cartilage plug surgery are helpful for discrete, relatively small areas of cartilage loss but are generally reserved for younger people who have had traumatic injuries to cartilage. But what about the older person who suffers from osteoarthritis?

In recent years there has been much interest in the role of regenerative techniques to rebuild cartilage.

The topic of much study are stem cells. Stem cells are pluripotential cells, meaning they are cells that can become any kind of tissue, given the right stimulus. Stem cells can be obtained from embryonic tissue, which is a source of much controversy. Or they can be obtained from adults. The adult body has a small number of stem cells in many tissues. They are activated by injury or illness. Adult stem cells, as a rule, do not have the ability to differentiate as well as embryonic stem cells.

However, in recent years, techniques have been developed to harvest mesenchymal stem cells- stem cells found in the bone marrow. These mesenchymal stem cells cells, when properly prepared and concentrated, have the ability to differentiate into cartilage and bone.

Stem cells are harvested from the the patient's iliac crest bone marrow using local anesthetic and a special type of biopsy needle. The stem cells are then specially concentrated.

After the stem cells are prepared, the physician, using ultrasound guidance and local anesthetic, finds the area of arthritis involvement and irritates the area using a special large needle. This irritation is important because it initiates an inflammatory reaction which is the prelude to healing and regeneration. The areas that are irritated include the capsule, tendon insertions, pericapsular soft tissue, as well as cartilage.

Blood is drawn from the patient and spun in a special centrifuge in order to obtain platelet rich plasma. Platelets are blood cells that contain multiple growth and healing factors.

Once the irritation has been completed, stem cells as well as the platelet rich plasma are injected into the prepared area.

The growth factors within the platelet rich plasma act on receptors found on the surface of stem cells and cause the stem cells to differentiate and multiply.

The end result is cartilage regeneration as well as lessening of pain. While the data is preliminary, the early results appear to be very promising.




Nathan Wei, MD, FACP, FACR is a nationally known rheumatologist. For more info: Arthritis Treatment and Tendonitis Treatment Tips





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2012年9月19日 星期三

All About Hodgkin's Lymphoma


Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease is a rare for of cancer which is characterized by orderly growth of malignant cells of the lymphatic system. Described for the first time by Thomas Hodgkin in 1832, this disease primarily affects the lymph nodes and later spreads to other parts of the lymphatic system.

The most significant characteristic of Hodgkin's lymphoma is presence of malignant B-cells with unique characteristics. These cells are called as Reed-Sternberg cells. Hodgkin's lymphoma mainly occurs in individuals with depleted immune system and persons infected with viruses including HIV, Epstein-Barr virus and HTLV-I. Epidemiology of this disease is unique. The frequency of Hodgkin's lymphoma is predominant in two separate age groups. These include individuals between 15-35 years of age and individuals above 55 years of age.

Hodgkin's lymphoma is primarily classified into classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (CHL), nodular sclerosis (NS), lymphocyte predominance (LP), mixed cellularity (MC), Lymphocyte depleted (LD) and nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma (NLPHL) depending on the Reed-Sternberg cell morphology. The most common symptom of Hodgkin's disease is swelling in the lymph nodes of the neck and chest. Other noticeable symptoms include enlarged spleen, swollen liver, fever, excessive sweating, fatigue, abnormal weight loss and itchy skin. The disease could be medically diagnosed through microscopical examination of Reed-Sternberg cells during biopsy. Other diagnostic methods include physical examination, chest X-rays, blood cell counts, and CT scan and MRI scan of the lymphatic system, PET scanning, gallium scanning and bone marrow aspiration.

Hodgkin's lymphoma is one of the first cancers to have been cured using radiation therapy. Other therapeutic approaches include chemotherapy, bone marrow and peripheral blood transplantation and immunotherapy. The common chemotherapeutic regimens followed for the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma include ABVD (Adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarabzine), BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone), COPP/ABVD, MOPP (mechlorethamine, oncovin, procarbazine, prednisone) and Stanford V.




Check Out More Articles:

Lymphoma Misdiagnosis Story, Good Clinical Practice Job Opportunity, Colorectal Cancer Treatment Modalities,





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2012年9月18日 星期二

Basic Facts About Lymphoma


Lymphoma is a type of cancer that occurs in our lymphatic system. Lymphatic system is a network of small vessels and tissues spaces that circulates fluid called lymph throughout the body. Our lymphatic system consists of organs, ducts, bone marrow, spleen, tonsils and lymph nodes.

Lymphoma usually originates in the lymph nodes located all around the body, but they can also develop around lymph tissue that does not form distinct nodes. When lymph cancer develops in lymph nodes or lymph tissues, cells in the lymphatic system replicates abnormally.

Lymphomas are grouped into two major categories: Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).Hodgkin's disease tends to origin from lymph nodes and is found most commonly in younger adults while non-Hodgkin's disease can spread beyond the lymphatic system and occurs mostly in middle aged or elderly people.. These two major types of lymphoma are further divided into several subtypes. Diagnosis of lymphoma is usually done by biopsy of lymph nodes.

Lymph nodes affected by lymphoma appear prominently enlarged and disfigured. They may be stiff and have appearance similar to that of fish flesh. In extremely rare cases they are rock hard and they may show areas of cellular deaths (necrosis). Patients with lymphoma may have painless swellings of lymph nodes in the neck, underarm and/or groin. Some patients, especially those with Hodgkin's disease shows symptoms such as fever, night sweats, malaise fatigue, weight loss and itchy skin.

The treatment of lymphoma depends on the type of lymphoma diagnosed and also on the stage of the cancer, its location, the extent of symptoms and the physical condition and health of the patients. Radiotherapy is a preferred treatment for patients with both types of lymphoma. The other treatment options include chemotherapy, bone marrow or stem cell transplants, radio immunotherapy or biologic therapy.




Pauline Go is an online leading expert in the medical industry. She also offers top quality articles like :
Incurable Diseases, Bird Flu Prevention





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2012年9月13日 星期四

Information About Testicular Cancer


You must have heard a lot about the testicular cancer treatment though the awareness about this disease is a bit low among the population. This kind of cancer is one of the most common types affecting men in the age group of 20 to 35 years. It is therefore a must to possess the basic awareness about this kind of cancer and its treatment modes to better cure and prevent it.

What are the testicles?

These are the male sex glands which produce testosterone and the sperm. They are 2- egg shaped glands which are located inside the scrotum and are held by the spermatic cord. The scrotum also contains the vas deferens and the vessels and nerves of the testicles. The germ cells inside the testicles are where immature sperms are produced which further travel through a series of tubes to mature as a sperm. This mature sperm is finally stored in the epididymis which is a long tube near the testicle.

What is testicular cancer?

Cancer that is formed in the tissues of one or in both of the testicles is known as testicular cancer. In most of the scenarios, the testicular cancer starts in the germ cells. The testicular cancer tumor can be of 2 types, seminomas and non seminomas depending on the way they grow and their spread mode. Non -seminomas grow and spread much faster compared to the seminomas and hence both types are treated by different methods. When a testicular tumor has both seminoma and non-seminoma cancer cells, they are treated as a non-seminoma case.

How is testicular cancer diagnosed?

Testicular cancer is diagnosed by examination of the testicles and the blood to check for any cancer symptoms. A physical examination is first held to check for any symptoms of lumps or diseased areas which might look a bit abnormal. The testicles are also checked for any pain, swelling or lumps along with a complete study of the patient's medical history. Once the physical examination is done, ultrasound tests are conducted to study a picture of the body tissues. In this procedure ultrasound waves are passed through the body and a sonogram report is drawn as they bounce off the internal tissues and organs.

In case of any lump or tumor identified, the serum tumor marker test is done which is a process in which a blood sample is studied to calculate the amount of substances that is released into the blood by the body cells. If this study shows increased contents of tumor markers which indicate a cancer presence, then a biopsy and a radical inguinal orchiectomy are carried out. The tumor markers for testicular cancer are Alpha - fetoprotein, Beta-human chronic gonadotropin and Lactate dehydrogenase.

Testicular cancer Treatment Options

In almost about 95% of the cases, testicular cancer can be cured with treatment. The chance of getting cured increases the earlier the disease is diagnosed. The traditional treatment methods for testicular cancer include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.

Surgery - In this method of testicular cancer treatment, the testicles are removed by an incision in the groin by a method known as radical inguinal orchiectomy. Some lymph nodes in the abdomen can also at times be removed as part of the surgery by lymph node dissection methods. The removal of one testicle does not normally interfere with the patient's ability to have sexual intercourse or produce children as one healthy testicle is usually sufficient. Some may also prefer to place an artificial testicle during or after the operation for cosmetic purposes. In cases of removal of lymph nodes, it is possible that it may affect one's fertility though it does not change his sexual ability. Special nerve sparing techniques of surgery can be handled to prevent losing the ability to ejaculate in a normal manner.

Radiation Therapy - This is a mode of treatment where high-energy radiations are used to kill the cancerous cells. This is a local therapy which is normally concentrated on the diseased area reducing the effect on other normal cells. The seminomas kind of testicular cancer responds well to radiation and external machines are employed to treat them, usually after surgery. Men diagnosed with non-seminoma type of cancer do not undergo radiation therapy as such kinds of tumors are less sensitive to radiations. This kind of therapy affects the sperm production in the individuals though they can regain it within a period of 1 or 2 years.

Chemotherapy - This testicular cancer treatment includes administration of drugs to kill the cancerous cells. It is normally given as a adjuvant therapy after surgery or at times of advanced levels as initial treatment to restrict the spread. These drugs travel through the blood stream and kill the diseased cells. Sometimes the normal cells are also affected along with the cancer cells and the destruction depends on the stage of cancer and the dosage of drugs provided. This treatment reduces the sperm count in the individuals though it gets back to normal with time. High dosages of chemotherapy are advisable only when the patients undergo transplantation of the bone marrow as the drugs destroy the bone marrow cells. If you are worried about your fertility problem, then you can talk to your physician about sperm banking options which can help you have kids even if you lose fertility before or after treatment.

Factors affecting treatment options

Testicular cancer is most of the times curable and the treatment that is chosen depends on many factors that decide the chances of recovery. These factors include the type of cancer and the size of the tumor. This also includes the details like the number and size of the lymph nodes. The stage to which cancer has progressed and the levels of the tumor markers also play a pivotal role in deciding the treatment option. Some modes of testicular cancer treatment methods can lead to infertility permanently. Under such circumstances, the individuals can consider the option of sperm banking where the sperm can be collected and stored in a frozen mode.




For more information about Testicular Cancer please visit our site http://www.howcurecancer.com.





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2012年8月30日 星期四

Fundamental Details About Most Cancers Leads to Signs and Symptoms As Well As Therapy


Cancer is one of the most common types diseases nowadays affecting millions of people in the entire world regardless of age gender or race, there are different types of cancer known to affect different parts of the body, it is usually considered a hereditary form of disease that can be passed down a generation of a particular clan or within close family members.

Cancer basically is used to refer to uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in different parts of the body, if this type of uncontrolled abnormal body cell occurs in the breast it will be called breast cancer in the long it will be lung cancer in the prostate region it will be called prostate cancer etc. Cancerous cells are also called as malignant cells.

Normal body cells are known to be the building blocks of the body and usually grow in a particular depending on when the body needs them and then are supposed to die when the body does not need them.Cancer is the opposite of this as it makes this cells to grow in un proportional amount especially so when the body does not need them and they do not die when they are supposed to die.This uncontrolled growth of body cells leading to cancerous cells is known to occur in different organs such as lung colon stomach breasts.

Depending on the type of cancer there are numerous causes of cancer some of which can be able to avoid but some of which are beyond the human ability to escape. Genetic problems is one of the main causes of different forms of cancer such as breast or skin cancer. This is where cancer is transferred to close family members within relatives with this it is usually difficult to avoid but early medication is known to enhance treatment. Exposure to UV rays produced by the sun is known to highly contribute to one getting skin cancer.

Environmental toxins also contribute to other forms of cancer some poisonous mushrooms and certain type of poison that grows in peanuts also contribute ton development of certain form of cancer. Other causes of cancer includes such things as excess body weight commonly known as obesity and other forms of viruses. Excess alcohol intake and habitual cigarette smoking can lead to somebody contracting lung cancer. Benzene and other chemicals are some of the other contributions to cancer.

Cancer is known to contain numerous different forms of symptoms depending in the type of cancer one is facing; it is worth noting that some cancer types usually don't have initial symptoms till in advanced stages so it is usually worth for one to be visiting hospitals for medical checkups. Excess body fatigue is one of the most common symptoms of cancer and common when cancer is on advanced stages, unusual body weight loss should be symptoms that should trigger one to seek medical help as it might be a symptom of a type of cancer. Pain is another symptom of cancer especially to those affect the bone regions as it usually occurs when the cancer spread to body organs.

After test such as MRI scan chest x-ray biopsy of the tumor and bone marrow biopsy to determine if one has been infected by a type of cancer treatment is usually the next step depending on the type of cancer. Treatment is usually based on the extent to which it has grown,if it is in its initial stages then surgery is usually the best option to remove the cancerous cells and usually for skin lung breast and colon forms of cancer. If surgery is not the best form treatment then one may undergo radiation or chemotherapy.Eating of good diets is usually the best treatment in initially avoiding cancer.




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2012年8月27日 星期一

Information About Bone Cancer


Bone cancer, it is a malignant tumor that affects the skeletal system of the body. Some cases of bone cancer are mostly caused by malignant tumors that are directly caused in the bones. These tumors are malignant primary. In contrast, malignant tumors metastasized elsewhere occur in the body, and then penetrate into the bones, usually in the blood or lymphatic system. Malignant tumors are including osteosarcoma bone, cartilage cell chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma and malignant fibrous elements support fibrohistiocytomas and lymphomas and Ewing's sarcoma of the bone marrow. Even though all of bones are susceptible to be infected by cancer, the regions around the knees are easier to be infected by this cancer Malignant tumors are most common primary bone osteosarcoma, which are slightly more common in men than in women.

The classic symptom of osteosarcoma is a mass more slowly. Although it is painful to touch, the tumor itself is usually marked by a dull discomfort is during the night. As the tumor grows slowly, cancer often progresses very far before it is diagnosed.

The diagnosis can be achieved by various means. X-ray examination showed a structural change over the end of the bone and often abnormal bone formation in the tumor mass. Bone scintigraphy, a process that assesses the uptake of radioactive material injected into the bone, would be positive, shows active bone formation. In addition, computed tomography show the enlargement of the outside or cortex, the bone with a soft-tissue mass outside the bone. Finally, people who are infected by this type of cancer can be diagnosed by using X-ray examination procedures to identify the use of dyes for the affected arteries to determine the extent of the tumor. In osteosarcomas ultimately transferred from blood into the lungs, the chest x-ray for the detection of metastases is essential.

The most important diagnostic test is the biopsy in which the tissue is taken for analysis. When the bone cancer exists, the microscopic examination of tissue showed abnormal cells produce bone mineralization.

The program for the treatment of bone cancer is generally based on the knowledge that over 80 percent of patients have secondary tumors in other parts of the body at the time of diagnosis. In addition, affect bone metastases cause pain and can lead to a whole body structural weakness that caused bone fractures. Tumor control in the whole body is also important that local control. Bone metastases often respond to radiotherapy. Most cancer centers are also receiving chemotherapy, the small blood-borne metastasis, when surgery is performed to destroy locally. Local tumors by amputation of the upper member of the tumor or removal of the tumor area preserving intact part are rooted out. The preservation of the branch is only possible when the tumor is detected before it has attacked the nerves and blood vessels surrounding.




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2012年8月23日 星期四

Discover More About Multiple Myeloma - Knowing If You Have It


There are so many reasons why a person may have certain health problems and unless the person goes to the doctor and have an overall physical check up he/she will know about it at all. Like for instance cancer, this particular disease are already affecting millions of people around the world and most cases re only detected due to it severity. One of the most common diseases nowadays is multiple myeloma and you probably want to know how a person can be diagnosed to have this particular disease.

Multiple myeloma is also known as Kahler's disease. This type of cancer involves the white blood cells as well as antibodies production. As the abnormal cells collect themselves in bones, this then result to creating lesions to the bones as well as in the bone marrow itself which we all know creates normal cells of our blood. Nobody knows what actually causes multiple myeloma. Even doctors themselves cannot determine how one person develops this particular disease in the body and another person doesn't. This type of disease is something that you cannot catch from another person. It just develops in the system of the person and more often will only be detected through its symptoms.

A little bit more information regarding the disease itself before we go through its symptoms is that the disorder more often affects plasma cells of people who are in the age of sixty to seventy years of age. This rarely happens to those who are below thirty years of age and are more often experienced by females rather than males. You would probably like to know this first before making any other conclusions about having the disease.

The Symptoms

Multiple myeloma has a variety of common symptoms such as pain in the bones more often at the back and the ribs, bones get broken in the spine, the patient is often weak and tired, there is a hunger for thirst, are prone to infections which may result to frequent fevers, constipation, frequent urination, nausea and sudden weight loss. Such symptoms can be encountered due to other reasons and only a doctor may be able to provide you more details regarding the diagnosis just in case you do carry the disease.

How to Diagnose

The doctors are the one who take care of the whole procedure before giving any diagnosis to the patient who may or may not have multiple myeloma. There will be a routine blood test to be done in a frequent manner, creatinine tests and urine tests will be done, bone x-rays will be requested, and then bone marrow aspiration or biopsy will be done for further results coming from the bone marrow. These tests will rule out any other possible connection with other diseases and from here the doctor will be able to determine a clear diagnosis for this particular health problem.

If you are then diagnosed to have the disease, you will have to go through proper treatment. A specialist will be able to discuss which procedure will best give the patient results to survive this type of cancer. More often therapies and stem cell transplant are methods to be used to treat multiple myeloma.




Irda Kadir is a freelance medical writer and has written more than 30 health books. She has a successful website of her own, and has written for magazines and publications regarding health related topics. For more information on Multiple Myeloma Treatment please visit her website at http://NutritionalSupplementProduct.com/





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2012年8月21日 星期二

What You Should Know About High White Blood Cell Count


Elevated white blood cell count (also known as leukocytosis) indicates that there is an increase in the production of white blood cells (WBC or leukocytes) in the body. It is the opposite of leukopenia, which is the decrease in the number of WBC. The main function of leukocytes is to fight infections within the body, which can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses. High white blood cell count in the body can indicate an underlying health issue, such as anemia, bone marrow tumor, inflammatory disease, emotional or physical anxiety, tissue damage, infectious diseases, or even leukemia. However, further examination must be done to figure out the exact cause of the condition.

The tests performed may vary from one patient to another, depending on their medical history. If you have leukocytosis, your doctor will most likely do a blood test called complete blood test (CBC). He or she will be able to determine the cause and the suitable treatment options through the test results. Your doctor may even go through the list of medications that you are currently taking. If the test shows that the condition is very serious, you may have to undergo a bone marrow biopsy since the high WBC might be a sign of a bone marrow disease.

High WBC can also lead to infertility in both women. A woman who has leukocytosis might be allergic to her partner's semen. Her body may misrecognize sperm as an invasive object and thus develops antibodies that can damage or even kill sperm. In order to overcome this problem, her doctor will prescribe her antibiotics so that her allergic reaction level to semen can be reduced, or even eliminated. However, you shouldn't worry too much because this condition is very rare.

Leukocytosis can also occur during pregnancy. Commonly, when a woman is pregnant, the WBC in the uterus produce antibodies. The leukocytes can misidentify the fetus as an invasive object and attack it, causing miscarriage. The baby can also carry high white blood cells and therefore a pregnant woman must avoid several kinds of meats that can increase the production of WBC, such as sausages and salamis. With a healthy diet, the risk of miscarriage and high WBC in the baby can be reduced.

Symptoms include fever, bleeding or bruising, difficulty breathing, sudden weight loss, fatigue, dizziness, and pain or tingling in the arms, legs, or abdomen. If you suspect that you might have high WBC, you should seek medical attention immediately.








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2012年8月20日 星期一

Retinoblastoma is a Cancer of Retina - You Know About This Eye Cancer?


Retinoblastoma is a cancer of the retina. Retinoblastoma is the most common primary ocular malignancy of childhood. Although this disorder can occur at any age, it usually develops in young children. Most cases of retinoblastoma occur in only one eye, but both eyes can be affected. Untreated, retinoblastoma is almost always fatal, hence the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

Retinoblastoma can occur in two forms:

An inherited form where there are often tumors in both eyes (bilateral) or sometimes only in one eye.

A non-inherited form where there is a tumor in only one eye (unilateral)

Retinoblastoma is related to chromosome 13. Retinoblastoma occurs when a cell of the growing retina develops a mutation in the RB gene (a tumor-suppressor gene). This mutation causes the cell to grow out of control and become cancerous.

Mutations in the RB1 gene are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means that one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to increase cancer risk. A person with retinoblastoma may inherit an altered copy of the gene from one parent, or the altered gene may be the result of a new mutation.

The most common way of presentation is a white reflex (leukocoria) behind the pupil. This is sometimes called the cat's eye reflex. A white glow in the eye that is often seen in photographs taken with a flash; instead of the typical "red eye" from the flash, the pupil may appear white or distorted. White spots in the pupil, crossed eyes, A red, painful eye poor vision, the iris may be a different color in each eye.

A few special tests like ultrasonography, CT scan, X-rays, MRI, blood tests, spinal tap, bone marrow biopsy etc. may be done to establish the diagnosis and to find out the extent of the disease.

Treatment options depend upon the size and location of the tumor. Small tumors may be treated by laser surgery. Radiation and chemotherapy may be needed if the tumor has spread beyond the eye. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for most unilateral cases.




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2012年8月6日 星期一

All About Hodgkin's Lymphoma


Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease is a rare for of cancer which is characterized by orderly growth of malignant cells of the lymphatic system. Described for the first time by Thomas Hodgkin in 1832, this disease primarily affects the lymph nodes and later spreads to other parts of the lymphatic system.

The most significant characteristic of Hodgkin's lymphoma is presence of malignant B-cells with unique characteristics. These cells are called as Reed-Sternberg cells. Hodgkin's lymphoma mainly occurs in individuals with depleted immune system and persons infected with viruses including HIV, Epstein-Barr virus and HTLV-I. Epidemiology of this disease is unique. The frequency of Hodgkin's lymphoma is predominant in two separate age groups. These include individuals between 15-35 years of age and individuals above 55 years of age.

Hodgkin's lymphoma is primarily classified into classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (CHL), nodular sclerosis (NS), lymphocyte predominance (LP), mixed cellularity (MC), Lymphocyte depleted (LD) and nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma (NLPHL) depending on the Reed-Sternberg cell morphology. The most common symptom of Hodgkin's disease is swelling in the lymph nodes of the neck and chest. Other noticeable symptoms include enlarged spleen, swollen liver, fever, excessive sweating, fatigue, abnormal weight loss and itchy skin. The disease could be medically diagnosed through microscopical examination of Reed-Sternberg cells during biopsy. Other diagnostic methods include physical examination, chest X-rays, blood cell counts, and CT scan and MRI scan of the lymphatic system, PET scanning, gallium scanning and bone marrow aspiration.

Hodgkin's lymphoma is one of the first cancers to have been cured using radiation therapy. Other therapeutic approaches include chemotherapy, bone marrow and peripheral blood transplantation and immunotherapy. The common chemotherapeutic regimens followed for the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma include ABVD (Adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarabzine), BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone), COPP/ABVD, MOPP (mechlorethamine, oncovin, procarbazine, prednisone) and Stanford V.




Check Out More Articles:

Lymphoma Misdiagnosis Story, Good Clinical Practice Job Opportunity, Colorectal Cancer Treatment Modalities,





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2012年8月4日 星期六

Information About Cancer


Though we have all heard the term "Cancer" through many sources, the exact facts and details of the disease is not very widely known. Cancer is one of the world's deadliest diseases and is a completely curable if detected at an early age. It is therefore a must to possess awareness about it and this article is a consolidation of the facts and details related to this disease.

What is Cancer?

Cancer is not a single disease but a class of diseases which are typically characterized by random and out-of-control growth in the human body cells. These random cell growth leads to invasion of other normal cells around them leading to their destruction. The cancerous cells divide in an uncontrollable fashion and form lumps or tissue masses known as tumors. These tumors affect the body part where they grow and disrupt their normal functioning. The cancerous cells also spread to other parts of the body through blood or lymph and cause further cell destruction.

Oncologists are physicians or researchers who study about the diagnosis, treatment and sure of cancer. The study of cancer is by itself known as oncology.

Types of Cancer

Cancer can typically affect every organ of the body and spread the disease by destroying the neighbouring cells. The various cancers are named typically after the place where they originate in the body. For example, Breast cancer is cancer that originates in the cells of the breast. With about more than 100 types of cancer, this class of diseases is divided into five broad categories.

* Cancer that originates in the skin or in the tissues that cover the internal organs is known as Carcinoma.

* Cancer that starts in the bone, fat muscle, cartilage or blood vessels are known as Sarcoma.

* Cancer in the blood forming tissues like the bone marrow is known as Leukaemia. This type of cancer enters the blood stream and spreads to all the parts of the body.

* Cancer that begins in the immune system of the body is known as Lymphoma and Myeloma.

* Cancer in the cells of the brain and spinal cord are known as Central nervous system cancer.

Symptoms of Cancer

The symptoms of cancer are an important factor in the early detection, though some types of cancer do not exhibit any symptoms at all unless they are in the advanced state. Though each type of cancer exhibits different types of symptoms there are few symptoms that are common to most of the cancers. The patient can exhibit a broad spectrum of symptoms which might not be very specific to the type of cancer like fatigue, unintentional weight loss, fever, bowel changes and chronic cough. Pain is most of the times a symptom of cancer in the advanced form. Pain in the lower back can be symptoms of colon or ovarian cancer while shoulder pain can be a symptom of lung cancer. Though stomach pain can be normally caused by many reasons, stomach cancer is also associated with acute stomach pain.

How harmful is the cancer?

The disease cancer claims the lives of millions of people around the world every year. It is dangerous and life-threatening when it develops as tumors and starts spreading around. The cells may move through the body through lymph systems or the blood and can destroy the other healthy cells in the body. Such a process is known invasion and affects other internal organs other than its place of cancerous origin. Such a tumor that grows, invades and spreads destroying other tissues is known as a metastasized tumor and is a very serious condition which is at times beyond treatment levels.

How is Cancer caused?

The disease cancer is majorly an environmental disease where about 90-95% of the scenarios are caused due to factors like lifestyle and environmental conditions. Only about 5-10% of the cases are caused by genetic disorders. The common factors that lead to environmental causes of cancer are tobacco, obesity, infections, radiation and environmental pollutants. These factors affect the basic underlying genetic cell material leading to the disease.

Treatment course of Cancer

The definitive diagnosis of cancer requires clinical examination of the biopsy specimen. Sometimes initial indication of the malignancy can be through symptomatic or by radiographic imaging abnormalities. Once diagnosed, cancer is normally treated by chemotherapy, surgery or radiation or a mixture of two or more methods. Treatment also depends on the types of cancer and the stage in which the disease has progressed. There are many specific treatment methods that are followed based on the type of cancer and medical advancement has bought in many new types of targeted therapies for the specific kind of cancer. The targeted therapy also works on cancerous cells showcasing abnormal behaviour and reduces the damage caused to normal cells.

How can your effectively prevent cancer?

Cancer prevention is easier than cancer treatment. Though there are many factors that can cause cancer, a few simple changes to your lifestyle can help you prevent them. The below are few methods that you can accommodate or follow to ensure prevention or early detection of cancer.

* Avoid direct or indirect form of smoking

* Look out for skin changes and take care to avoid harmful exposure to the sun

* Maintain a healthy diet of natural fruits and vegetables and limit fat contents

* Keep your alcohol intake within limits

* Remember a healthy exercised body keeps out cancer better

* Learn about any genetic disorders in the family and take necessary screenings

* Beware of harmful substances in your work environment

* Follow safe sexual methods

* Obtain regular cancer screening to detect at early stage

Cancer Research is one of the major scientific efforts that is being undertaken to understand the disease better and find possible therapies. There are many national and international cancer institutes that have been established for this purpose. Since 1971, major advancements have been made in the field of molecular biology and cellular biology leading to many new and advanced treatment modes for cancer.




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2012年7月31日 星期二

Information About Testicular Cancer


You must have heard a lot about the testicular cancer treatment though the awareness about this disease is a bit low among the population. This kind of cancer is one of the most common types affecting men in the age group of 20 to 35 years. It is therefore a must to possess the basic awareness about this kind of cancer and its treatment modes to better cure and prevent it.

What are the testicles?

These are the male sex glands which produce testosterone and the sperm. They are 2- egg shaped glands which are located inside the scrotum and are held by the spermatic cord. The scrotum also contains the vas deferens and the vessels and nerves of the testicles. The germ cells inside the testicles are where immature sperms are produced which further travel through a series of tubes to mature as a sperm. This mature sperm is finally stored in the epididymis which is a long tube near the testicle.

What is testicular cancer?

Cancer that is formed in the tissues of one or in both of the testicles is known as testicular cancer. In most of the scenarios, the testicular cancer starts in the germ cells. The testicular cancer tumor can be of 2 types, seminomas and non seminomas depending on the way they grow and their spread mode. Non -seminomas grow and spread much faster compared to the seminomas and hence both types are treated by different methods. When a testicular tumor has both seminoma and non-seminoma cancer cells, they are treated as a non-seminoma case.

How is testicular cancer diagnosed?

Testicular cancer is diagnosed by examination of the testicles and the blood to check for any cancer symptoms. A physical examination is first held to check for any symptoms of lumps or diseased areas which might look a bit abnormal. The testicles are also checked for any pain, swelling or lumps along with a complete study of the patient's medical history. Once the physical examination is done, ultrasound tests are conducted to study a picture of the body tissues. In this procedure ultrasound waves are passed through the body and a sonogram report is drawn as they bounce off the internal tissues and organs.

In case of any lump or tumor identified, the serum tumor marker test is done which is a process in which a blood sample is studied to calculate the amount of substances that is released into the blood by the body cells. If this study shows increased contents of tumor markers which indicate a cancer presence, then a biopsy and a radical inguinal orchiectomy are carried out. The tumor markers for testicular cancer are Alpha - fetoprotein, Beta-human chronic gonadotropin and Lactate dehydrogenase.

Testicular cancer Treatment Options

In almost about 95% of the cases, testicular cancer can be cured with treatment. The chance of getting cured increases the earlier the disease is diagnosed. The traditional treatment methods for testicular cancer include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.

Surgery - In this method of testicular cancer treatment, the testicles are removed by an incision in the groin by a method known as radical inguinal orchiectomy. Some lymph nodes in the abdomen can also at times be removed as part of the surgery by lymph node dissection methods. The removal of one testicle does not normally interfere with the patient's ability to have sexual intercourse or produce children as one healthy testicle is usually sufficient. Some may also prefer to place an artificial testicle during or after the operation for cosmetic purposes. In cases of removal of lymph nodes, it is possible that it may affect one's fertility though it does not change his sexual ability. Special nerve sparing techniques of surgery can be handled to prevent losing the ability to ejaculate in a normal manner.

Radiation Therapy - This is a mode of treatment where high-energy radiations are used to kill the cancerous cells. This is a local therapy which is normally concentrated on the diseased area reducing the effect on other normal cells. The seminomas kind of testicular cancer responds well to radiation and external machines are employed to treat them, usually after surgery. Men diagnosed with non-seminoma type of cancer do not undergo radiation therapy as such kinds of tumors are less sensitive to radiations. This kind of therapy affects the sperm production in the individuals though they can regain it within a period of 1 or 2 years.

Chemotherapy - This testicular cancer treatment includes administration of drugs to kill the cancerous cells. It is normally given as a adjuvant therapy after surgery or at times of advanced levels as initial treatment to restrict the spread. These drugs travel through the blood stream and kill the diseased cells. Sometimes the normal cells are also affected along with the cancer cells and the destruction depends on the stage of cancer and the dosage of drugs provided. This treatment reduces the sperm count in the individuals though it gets back to normal with time. High dosages of chemotherapy are advisable only when the patients undergo transplantation of the bone marrow as the drugs destroy the bone marrow cells. If you are worried about your fertility problem, then you can talk to your physician about sperm banking options which can help you have kids even if you lose fertility before or after treatment.

Factors affecting treatment options

Testicular cancer is most of the times curable and the treatment that is chosen depends on many factors that decide the chances of recovery. These factors include the type of cancer and the size of the tumor. This also includes the details like the number and size of the lymph nodes. The stage to which cancer has progressed and the levels of the tumor markers also play a pivotal role in deciding the treatment option. Some modes of testicular cancer treatment methods can lead to infertility permanently. Under such circumstances, the individuals can consider the option of sperm banking where the sperm can be collected and stored in a frozen mode.




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2012年7月27日 星期五

Stem Cell Treatment For Osteoarthritis - What is it All About?


While many new and amazing therapies for rheumatoid arthritis have been developed in recent years, very little progress has been made in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and affects approximately 30 million Americans. OA is a disease of articular cartilage, the gristle that caps the ends of long bones. Cartilage has both gliding as well as shock absorbing properties.

It is this flexibility of function that enables a joint to work properly.

Normal cartilage is composed of cells called chondrocytes that sit inside a matrix consisting of collagen and glycosaminoglycans... much like grapes inside Jello.

Osteoarthritis develops when the chondrocyte begins to malfunction and starts to produce destructive enzymes. At the same time water content inside the matrix changes making it more susceptible to stress. Small cracks, called "fissures" develop. Also, local inflammation involving the lining of the joint- called the synovium- begins. The end result is a gradual and premature wearing away of cartilage.

This process is most apparent in weight-bearing areas such as the neck, low back, hips, and knees.

Current approaches to the treatment of OA involve the use of analgesics (pain-relieving medicines), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), physical therapy, proper weight management, exercises, injections of steroids, injections of viscosupplements (lubricants), and surgery.

While many of the above treatments help relieve pain, they do nothing to prevent cartilage loss... and more importantly, they do nothing to restore cartilage.

Orthopedic techniques such as chondrocyte transplantation and cartilage plug surgery are helpful for discrete, relatively small areas of cartilage loss but are generally reserved for younger people who have had traumatic injuries to cartilage. But what about the older person who suffers from osteoarthritis?

In recent years there has been much interest in the role of regenerative techniques to rebuild cartilage.

The topic of much study are stem cells. Stem cells are pluripotential cells, meaning they are cells that can become any kind of tissue, given the right stimulus. Stem cells can be obtained from embryonic tissue, which is a source of much controversy. Or they can be obtained from adults. The adult body has a small number of stem cells in many tissues. They are activated by injury or illness. Adult stem cells, as a rule, do not have the ability to differentiate as well as embryonic stem cells.

However, in recent years, techniques have been developed to harvest mesenchymal stem cells- stem cells found in the bone marrow. These mesenchymal stem cells cells, when properly prepared and concentrated, have the ability to differentiate into cartilage and bone.

Stem cells are harvested from the the patient's iliac crest bone marrow using local anesthetic and a special type of biopsy needle. The stem cells are then specially concentrated.

After the stem cells are prepared, the physician, using ultrasound guidance and local anesthetic, finds the area of arthritis involvement and irritates the area using a special large needle. This irritation is important because it initiates an inflammatory reaction which is the prelude to healing and regeneration. The areas that are irritated include the capsule, tendon insertions, pericapsular soft tissue, as well as cartilage.

Blood is drawn from the patient and spun in a special centrifuge in order to obtain platelet rich plasma. Platelets are blood cells that contain multiple growth and healing factors.

Once the irritation has been completed, stem cells as well as the platelet rich plasma are injected into the prepared area.

The growth factors within the platelet rich plasma act on receptors found on the surface of stem cells and cause the stem cells to differentiate and multiply.

The end result is cartilage regeneration as well as lessening of pain. While the data is preliminary, the early results appear to be very promising.




Nathan Wei, MD, FACP, FACR is a nationally known rheumatologist. For more info: Arthritis Treatment and Tendonitis Treatment Tips





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2012年7月26日 星期四

Basic Facts About Lymphoma


Lymphoma is a type of cancer that occurs in our lymphatic system. Lymphatic system is a network of small vessels and tissues spaces that circulates fluid called lymph throughout the body. Our lymphatic system consists of organs, ducts, bone marrow, spleen, tonsils and lymph nodes.

Lymphoma usually originates in the lymph nodes located all around the body, but they can also develop around lymph tissue that does not form distinct nodes. When lymph cancer develops in lymph nodes or lymph tissues, cells in the lymphatic system replicates abnormally.

Lymphomas are grouped into two major categories: Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).Hodgkin's disease tends to origin from lymph nodes and is found most commonly in younger adults while non-Hodgkin's disease can spread beyond the lymphatic system and occurs mostly in middle aged or elderly people.. These two major types of lymphoma are further divided into several subtypes. Diagnosis of lymphoma is usually done by biopsy of lymph nodes.

Lymph nodes affected by lymphoma appear prominently enlarged and disfigured. They may be stiff and have appearance similar to that of fish flesh. In extremely rare cases they are rock hard and they may show areas of cellular deaths (necrosis). Patients with lymphoma may have painless swellings of lymph nodes in the neck, underarm and/or groin. Some patients, especially those with Hodgkin's disease shows symptoms such as fever, night sweats, malaise fatigue, weight loss and itchy skin.

The treatment of lymphoma depends on the type of lymphoma diagnosed and also on the stage of the cancer, its location, the extent of symptoms and the physical condition and health of the patients. Radiotherapy is a preferred treatment for patients with both types of lymphoma. The other treatment options include chemotherapy, bone marrow or stem cell transplants, radio immunotherapy or biologic therapy.




Pauline Go is an online leading expert in the medical industry. She also offers top quality articles like :
Incurable Diseases, Bird Flu Prevention





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2012年7月20日 星期五

Imperative Facts About Leukemia


Acute leukemia occurs when immature blood cells begin to rapidly increase and begins to crowd the bone marrow, preventing it from making more healthy blood cells. Thus, problems occur in the body as it is unable to fight off diseases and harmful attacks and immediate treatment is needed to combat this disease. Usually this occurs most often and frequently in children over adults and can be caught and treated.

Chronic leukemia occurs when mature and abnormal white blood cells are produced very fast and at alarming rates causing really abnormal white blood cells to be present in the body's blood stream. This is usually found in older people as the cells are usually mature already and sometimes immediate treatment is postponed as the entire chronic condition is monitored and the best case treatment is considered before any action is taken on the matter.

There are many signs of this disease, particular damage to the bone marrow causing a lack of blood platelets which are extremely important for the blood clotting process. So, people with this disease are often ones who get hurt easily and bruise for little things and bleed at alarming excesses. That is one way to know that one might have leukemia, to be aware of whether or not they bleed a lot for little injuries that should not have caused so much bleeding. Also, because the white blood cells are otherwise occupied, the patient's immune system is always shot and unable to fight off sicknesses. They will even start attacking other body cells and people might get infections frequently or have infected sores in the mouth, tonsils, or even diarrhea or bouts of pneumonia that can be almost fatal in the extent of it.

Patients are often pale and weak as they might suffer from anemia, or low blood counts, and that might cause them to lack energy and strength. Sometimes patients feel sick, have night chills and sweats and fevers and many symptoms that could be mistaken for ones related to the flu. If you feel nausea or always feel very bloated or full, that might all be due to swollen organs like the liver or spleen that will cause weight loss and fatigue. Finally, it is possible to experience headaches, as well, as the disease can interfere with the nervous system.

To diagnose this disease, you will have to undergo medical tests that usually examine the bone marrow and do blood counts to see what the situation is. Also a lymph node biopsy is performed, as well, to see whether you have it in certain situations. The damage to the organs is also determined from the blood tests and sometimes doctors will perform X-Rays and MRIS or other kinds of screening tests. Usually this is treated with medications that are combined with chemotherapy radiation and sometimes radiation therapy.

Also, some patients benefit immensely from a bone marrow transplant, as well. It is important to get the proper tests because left untreated, leukemia can be a deadly and fatal disease. But, there are treatment options and ways to beat it.




Roberto Sedycias works as an IT consultant for PoloMercantil





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2012年7月13日 星期五

Retinoblastoma is a Cancer of Retina - You Know About This Eye Cancer?


Retinoblastoma is a cancer of the retina. Retinoblastoma is the most common primary ocular malignancy of childhood. Although this disorder can occur at any age, it usually develops in young children. Most cases of retinoblastoma occur in only one eye, but both eyes can be affected. Untreated, retinoblastoma is almost always fatal, hence the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

Retinoblastoma can occur in two forms:

An inherited form where there are often tumors in both eyes (bilateral) or sometimes only in one eye.

A non-inherited form where there is a tumor in only one eye (unilateral)

Retinoblastoma is related to chromosome 13. Retinoblastoma occurs when a cell of the growing retina develops a mutation in the RB gene (a tumor-suppressor gene). This mutation causes the cell to grow out of control and become cancerous.

Mutations in the RB1 gene are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means that one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to increase cancer risk. A person with retinoblastoma may inherit an altered copy of the gene from one parent, or the altered gene may be the result of a new mutation.

The most common way of presentation is a white reflex (leukocoria) behind the pupil. This is sometimes called the cat's eye reflex. A white glow in the eye that is often seen in photographs taken with a flash; instead of the typical "red eye" from the flash, the pupil may appear white or distorted. White spots in the pupil, crossed eyes, A red, painful eye poor vision, the iris may be a different color in each eye.

A few special tests like ultrasonography, CT scan, X-rays, MRI, blood tests, spinal tap, bone marrow biopsy etc. may be done to establish the diagnosis and to find out the extent of the disease.

Treatment options depend upon the size and location of the tumor. Small tumors may be treated by laser surgery. Radiation and chemotherapy may be needed if the tumor has spread beyond the eye. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for most unilateral cases.




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2012年7月12日 星期四

Discover More About Multiple Myeloma - Knowing If You Have It


There are so many reasons why a person may have certain health problems and unless the person goes to the doctor and have an overall physical check up he/she will know about it at all. Like for instance cancer, this particular disease are already affecting millions of people around the world and most cases re only detected due to it severity. One of the most common diseases nowadays is multiple myeloma and you probably want to know how a person can be diagnosed to have this particular disease.

Multiple myeloma is also known as Kahler's disease. This type of cancer involves the white blood cells as well as antibodies production. As the abnormal cells collect themselves in bones, this then result to creating lesions to the bones as well as in the bone marrow itself which we all know creates normal cells of our blood. Nobody knows what actually causes multiple myeloma. Even doctors themselves cannot determine how one person develops this particular disease in the body and another person doesn't. This type of disease is something that you cannot catch from another person. It just develops in the system of the person and more often will only be detected through its symptoms.

A little bit more information regarding the disease itself before we go through its symptoms is that the disorder more often affects plasma cells of people who are in the age of sixty to seventy years of age. This rarely happens to those who are below thirty years of age and are more often experienced by females rather than males. You would probably like to know this first before making any other conclusions about having the disease.

The Symptoms

Multiple myeloma has a variety of common symptoms such as pain in the bones more often at the back and the ribs, bones get broken in the spine, the patient is often weak and tired, there is a hunger for thirst, are prone to infections which may result to frequent fevers, constipation, frequent urination, nausea and sudden weight loss. Such symptoms can be encountered due to other reasons and only a doctor may be able to provide you more details regarding the diagnosis just in case you do carry the disease.

How to Diagnose

The doctors are the one who take care of the whole procedure before giving any diagnosis to the patient who may or may not have multiple myeloma. There will be a routine blood test to be done in a frequent manner, creatinine tests and urine tests will be done, bone x-rays will be requested, and then bone marrow aspiration or biopsy will be done for further results coming from the bone marrow. These tests will rule out any other possible connection with other diseases and from here the doctor will be able to determine a clear diagnosis for this particular health problem.

If you are then diagnosed to have the disease, you will have to go through proper treatment. A specialist will be able to discuss which procedure will best give the patient results to survive this type of cancer. More often therapies and stem cell transplant are methods to be used to treat multiple myeloma.




Irda Kadir is a freelance medical writer and has written more than 30 health books. She has a successful website of her own, and has written for magazines and publications regarding health related topics. For more information on Multiple Myeloma Treatment please visit her website at http://NutritionalSupplementProduct.com/





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2012年7月8日 星期日

What You Should Know About High White Blood Cell Count


Elevated white blood cell count (also known as leukocytosis) indicates that there is an increase in the production of white blood cells (WBC or leukocytes) in the body. It is the opposite of leukopenia, which is the decrease in the number of WBC. The main function of leukocytes is to fight infections within the body, which can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses. High white blood cell count in the body can indicate an underlying health issue, such as anemia, bone marrow tumor, inflammatory disease, emotional or physical anxiety, tissue damage, infectious diseases, or even leukemia. However, further examination must be done to figure out the exact cause of the condition.

The tests performed may vary from one patient to another, depending on their medical history. If you have leukocytosis, your doctor will most likely do a blood test called complete blood test (CBC). He or she will be able to determine the cause and the suitable treatment options through the test results. Your doctor may even go through the list of medications that you are currently taking. If the test shows that the condition is very serious, you may have to undergo a bone marrow biopsy since the high WBC might be a sign of a bone marrow disease.

High WBC can also lead to infertility in both women. A woman who has leukocytosis might be allergic to her partner's semen. Her body may misrecognize sperm as an invasive object and thus develops antibodies that can damage or even kill sperm. In order to overcome this problem, her doctor will prescribe her antibiotics so that her allergic reaction level to semen can be reduced, or even eliminated. However, you shouldn't worry too much because this condition is very rare.

Leukocytosis can also occur during pregnancy. Commonly, when a woman is pregnant, the WBC in the uterus produce antibodies. The leukocytes can misidentify the fetus as an invasive object and attack it, causing miscarriage. The baby can also carry high white blood cells and therefore a pregnant woman must avoid several kinds of meats that can increase the production of WBC, such as sausages and salamis. With a healthy diet, the risk of miscarriage and high WBC in the baby can be reduced.

Symptoms include fever, bleeding or bruising, difficulty breathing, sudden weight loss, fatigue, dizziness, and pain or tingling in the arms, legs, or abdomen. If you suspect that you might have high WBC, you should seek medical attention immediately.








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