Aplastic Anemia Incidence

The term aplastic (or hypoplastic) in aplastic anemia means empty, meaning the disease is developed when the bone marrow contains nothing or has very few blood cells. Each year, the incidence of aplastic anemia is 2 to 4 million cases, which typically occurs in three different life phases:

2 to 5 years
20 to 25 years.
55 to 60 years
When the bone marrow is damaged, its production of healthy cells become erratic. The result will be lower count of all blood cell types: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The irregular functioning or failure of the bone marrow will eventually lead to aplastic anemia.

Common causes of aplastic anemia include:

Autoimmune disorders - hereditary and acquired immune disorders
Drugs - chloramphenicol, felbamate, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenylbutazone, and quinine
Radiation
Benzene and other toxic chemicals
Acquired cases - destruction of stem cells due to medications and infections
Inherited cases - Fanconi Anemia, Schwachman-Diamond Syndrome, and Dyskeratosis Congenital
Pregnancy
In 1888, the idea of aplastic anemia was first introduced after studies on the case of a pregnant woman died of bone marrow failure. The disorder was named as such in 1904.

In more than half of the cases, the exact reasons and causes of the aplastic anemia incidence remain unknown to doctors even after diagnosis. The disease is rare but serious. A definitive diagnosis is typically performed through biopsy of the bone marrow. The biopsy test includes:

CBC - with platelets and smear
Drug screen
Viral serologies
Serum folate
B12

Common symptoms are caused by the following conditions:

Low platelet count - bruising, petechiae, and hemorrhage
Low count of white blood cells - severe infections
Low count of red blood cells - malaise and pallor

Common treatment options include:

For mild to moderate cases - prescription medication (suppressants for the immune system); blood transfusions
For severe cases -Through advanced medical technology, bone marrow transplants are made possible but rather difficult. The main obstacle is finding a suitable bone marrow donor. Researches show, a matched sibling donor transplant has a cure rate of 60 to 70 percent.

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