Aplastic Anemia Causes - Possible Factors Involved in the Development of Aplastic Anemia

You may have aplastic anemia when your bone marrow starts producing a reduced number of all types of blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets). Abnormal production of blood cells is often caused by damage on the bone marrow, which could be acquired or inherited. Some of the causes are idiopathic, which means they happen without known reason; while others are results from previous disorder like cancer (known as secondary aplastic anemia).

Acquired causes may include:

Exposure to toxins like benzene and heavy metals
Exposure to heavy dose of radiation
Intake of certain medications
Autoimmune disease like lupus
History of certain contagious like HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and hepatitis

Inherited causes may include:

Familial aplastic anemias
Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
Reticular dysgenesis
Swachman-Diamond syndrome
Dyskeratosis congenital
Fanconi anemia
Different symptoms that may indicate that aplastic anemia is involved are:

Headache
Fever
Dizziness
Shortness of breath
Nausea
Tenderness in Sinus
Fatigue
Bruising
Abnormal paleness
Bleeding nose
Bleeding gums
Oral thrushes (white patches on any reddish and swollen surfaces inside the mouth)
Blood in stool
Enlarged liver
Enlarged spleen
Keep in mind that symptoms of aplastic anemia may be the similar to those of other blood disorders. A thorough and complete physical examination should always be performed by your physician. Diagnostic procedures may involve:

Blood tests
Bone marrow tests: aspiration and biopsy
Aplastic anemia is a rare but serious illness. Treatment options usually depend on the aplastic anemia causes. Recovery is possible; relapses can happen, too. Supportive therapy may treat the symptoms but not the disease.

Supportive therapy may involve:

Hormones
Immunosuppressive therapy
Medications (stimulants for the bone marrow to help on blood cells production)
Strict supervision on food preparation (food must be cooked completely)
Observance of personal hygiene (frequent hand-washing)
Preventative antibiotic therapy
Blood transfusion of both red blood cells and platelets

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