General Knowledge of A Cancer of Retina - Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma, abbreviated as Rb, is rapidly developing cancer which develops in the cells of retina, the light detecting tissue of the eye. It usually develops in young children, despite such an eye disease would come at any age. Although it is a kind of cancer, Rb has one of the best cure rates of all childhood cancers, with more than nine out of every ten sufferers surviving into adulthood. That is to say, it is treatable, but if not treated, retinoblastoma is fatal. Therefore to have a general knowledge of its symptoms and its diagnosis is necessary.

The most common and obvious sign of Rb is an abnormal appearance of the pupil. And other specific signs can be deterioration of vision, a red and irritated eye and faltering growth or delayed development. Some children with retinoblastoma can develop a squint, commonly referred to as cross eyed or wall eyed. A red, painful eye poor vision is possible as well.

Rb usually occur in one eye, but the other eyes would be affected. The two forms of the diseases include the genetic and the non-genetic. Children with genetic Rb usually have tumors in both eyes(bilateral), while those with the non-genetic Rb have tumor in only one eye(unilateral). Retinoblastom occurs when a cell of the growing retina develops a mutation in the RB gene, resulting in the cell to grow out of control and become cancerous. The copy of those mutated gene would increase the cancer risk, therefore, to prevent the spread of those altered gene, treatments should be taken. Up to now, the most common ways to cure retinoblastom are listed below:

Treatments of retinoblastoma varies from country to country. In general, ultrasonography, CT scan, X-rays, MRI, blood tests, spinal tap, bone marrow biopsy and so on so forth are options for its treatment. Which one to choose usually depends on the size and location of the tumor. It the tumor is not large, a laser surgery can be applied, and if the tumor is large that has spread beyond the eye, radiation and chemotherapy are more suitable choices. Chemotherapy, which can be administered locally through a thin catheter that is threaded through the groin through the aorta and the neck into the optic vessels, are for most unilateral cases.

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